GLOBAL WARMING

Now a days due to increase in pollution glaciers are melting, sea levels are rising and forests are drying, due to this climate suddenly changes and we call the result GLOBAL WARMING.

Global warming defines as increase in earth's average temperature or due to increase in greenhouse gases which effects to climate change.

So, firstly i describe here about greenhouse gases and how it affects the environment?

Greenhouse gases includes water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide gases. These gases affects earth's climate very badly. Greenhouse effect is the warming that happens when certain gases in Earth’s atmosphere emits heat. 

When ray of sunlight falls onto the Earth’s surface, it is absorbed and then radiates back into the atmosphere in the form of heat. In the atmosphere, “greenhouse” gases trap some of this heat, and the rest escapes into space. If the amount of greenhouse gases are increases in the atmosphere, the more heat gets trapped.

Levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs) have gone up and down over the Earth’s history, but they have been fairly constant for the past few thousand years. Global average temperatures have stayed fairly constant over that time as well, until recently. Through the burning of fossil fuels and other GHG emissions, humans are enhancing the greenhouse effect and warming Earth.

MAIN CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING:-

1-Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel burning power plants:- Main cause of it is  increasing demand of electricity. Electricity from coal burning power plants releases enormous amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. In U.S. 40% of CO2 emissions comes from electricity production, and burning coal accounts for 93% of emissions from electric utility. This happen because we are highly dependent on burning coal for our personal and commercial electrical supply.

2- Carbon dioxide emissions from burning gasoline for transportation:- With our increasing  population day by day demand of transportation increases. Demand for more cars and consumer goods means that we are increasing the use of fossil fuels for transportation and manufacturing.

3-  Methane emissions from animals, agriculture such as rice paddies, and from Arctic sea beds :- Methane is another extremely harmful greenhouse gas. When organic matter is broken down by bacteria under oxygen-starved conditions (anaerobic decomposition) as in rice paddies, methane is produced. The process also takes place in the intestines of herbivorous animals, and with the increase in the amount of concentrated livestock production, the levels of methane released into the atmosphere is increasing.

 Another source of methane is methane clathrate, a compound containing large amounts of methane trapped in the crystal structure of ice. As methane escapes from the Arctic seabed, the rate of global warming will increase significantly.

4-Deforestation, especially tropical forests for wood, pulp, and farmland:- Use of forests for fuel (both wood and for charcoal) is one cause of deforestation. Forests stores carbon dioxide from the atmosphere that is forest makes our atmosphere carbon dioxide free but due to deforestation carbon releases in atmosphere in large amounts of carbon which is caused to change in climate that is called global warming.

EFFECT OF GLOBAL WARMING:-

1- Rise in sea levels:- Due to global warming earth's temperature increases day by day and due to this high temperature glaciers are melting this cause in rise in sea levels worldwide.

It is a prediction that an increase in sea levels worldwide due to the melting of two massive ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland, especially on the East coast of the U.S. Effects of rising sea levels displace millions of people.

2- Massive crop failures:- Climate change is expected to have the most severe impact on water supplies. Shortages in future are likely to threaten food production, reduce sanitation, hinder economic development and damage ecosystems. It causes more violent swings between floods and droughts. Global warming causes approx 300,000 deaths a year.

3- More killer storms:- Global warming will cause increase in the intensity of the most extreme storms worldwide. The maximum wind speeds of the strongest tropical cyclones have increased significantly since 1981, according to research, and the upward trend, thought to be driven by rising ocean temperatures, is unlikely to stop at any time soon.

4-Widespread extinction of species:- Climate change now represents at least as great a threat to the number of species surviving on Earth as habitat-destruction and modification. Widespread species loss and lists of endangered species just keep growing. This is a concerning matter on many fronts.

5- Disappearance of coral reefs:- A report from WWF says that  coral reefs  in a worst case scenario.coral reefs that is underwater structure. Coral populations will collapse by 2100 due to increased temperatures and ocean acidification. The ‘bleaching’ of corals from small but prolonged rises in sea temperature is a severe danger for ocean ecosystems, and many other species in the oceans rely on coral reefs for their survival.

PREVENTIONS:-

1- To prevent global warming firstly you have to reduce carbon emissions. One of the main causes of global warming is the carbon emissions from vehicles like car . To prevent this type of emission you can see about driving an electric hybrid car.

2- Secondly you can stop global warming by use of compact fluorescent bulbs instead of normal bulbs. You can see about insulating your house as this too will help you from having to use large amounts of energy trying to keep your home warm.

3- Another thing that you need to understand in looking at the best global warming prevention methods is that with the massive amounts of deforestation that we are causing. As a result of this the amount of life giving rain which purifies the air and land is reduced.

The forests where these trees are located are not able to process the amounts of carbon which is found in the air. This causes horrific tragedies to occur such as landslides and mudslides  Out of control, raging, flooded rivers are another result that we have come to expect due to global warming